Archaelogy - Top 10 Discoveries of 2011

The Mysterious Origins of Man - George Saunders

I have always been fascinated by fringe science. Speculation regarding the mysterious origins of man, the meaning of life, and man's place in the universal scheme is doubly fascinating. I went so far as to attend a Baptist seminary in the mid-Sixties seeking answers to the great questions. The realities proposed by religions, science, and personal experience are analogous to the "Four Blind Men and the Elephant" story below. Each group has found evidence to prove their world view.

One day four blind men encountered an elephant for the first time. They approached it cautiously, but with great curiosity. The first one grabbed hold of the trunk and declared "Aha! An elephant is just like a snake!" The second found an ear and replied "No, an elephant is exactly like a tent." The third bumped into a leg and decided the elephant was just like a tree, and the fourth caught the tail and maintained that the elephant was just like a rope. They all went home arguing, each steadfastly insisting that he was right and the other three were wrong. See also: The Blind Men and the Elephant by John Godfrey Saxe (1816-1887)

New Discoveries at Nazca Lines in Peru

  New Giant Figure Discovered
A new giant picture on the Nazca Plateau in Peru, which is famous for giant patterns that can be seen from the air, has been discovered by a team of Japanese researchers.
The image is 210 feet long, and appears to be an animal with horns, somewhat resembling (of all things) a lobster. It is thought to have been drawn as a symbol of hopes for good crops, but there are no similar patterns elsewhere, and the type of the animal remains unclear. The discovery marks the first time since the 1980s that a picture other than a geometrical pattern has been found on the Nazca Plateau.
The picture was found by a team of researchers including Masato Sakai, an associate professor at Yamagata University, after they analyzed images from a U.S. commercial satellite. They confirmed it was a previously undiscovered picture in a local survey in March this year. It is located at the south of the Nazca Plateau, and apparently went undiscovered since few tourist planes pass over the area.

Nazca lines - The Skeptic's Dictionary

The Nazca lines are geoglyphs and geometric line clearings in the Peruvian desert. They were made by the Nazca people, who flourished between 200 BCE and 600 CE along rivers and streams that flow from the Andes. The desert itself runs for over 1,400 miles along the Pacific Ocean. The area of the Nazca art is called the Pampa Colorada (Red Plain). It is 15 miles wide and runs some 37 miles parallel to the Andes and the sea. Dark red surface stones and soil have been cleared away, exposing the lighter-colored subsoil, creating the "lines". There is no sand in this desert. From the air, the "lines" include not only lines and geometric shapes, but also depictions of animals and plants in stylized forms. Some of the forms, including images of humans, grace the steep hillsides at the edge of the desert.

How the Great Pyramids of Egypt were built ?

by Bob Brier
Hidden ramps may solve the mystery of the Great Pyramid's construction.
Of the seven wonders of the ancient world, only the Great Pyramid of Giza remains. An estimated 2 million stone blocks weighing an average of 2.5 tons went into its construction. When completed, the 481-foot-tall pyramid was the world's tallest structure, a record it held for more than 3,800 years, when England's Lincoln Cathedral surpassed it by a mere 44 feet.
We know who built the Great Pyramid: the pharaoh Khufu, who ruled Egypt about 2547-2524 B.C. And we know who supervised its construction: Khufu's brother, Hemienu. The pharaoh's right-hand man, Hemienu was "overseer of all construction projects of the king" and his tomb is one of the largest in a cemetery adjacent to the pyramid.

When the Smithsonian discovered an ancient Egyptian colony in the Grand Canyon

Did Egyptians cross the Pacific Ocean and wander the American Southwest thousands of years ago? In the early 20th century, claims of such a discovery were made by two Smithsonian-funded archaeologists, who spoke of a thriving civilization tucked within a series of caverns carved into the side of a remote portion of the Grand Canyon. What did the archaeologists find? What evidence did they bring back? Hell, did these men even exist?
A parallel North American civilization?
A story on the front page of the April 5, 1909 edition of the Arizona Gazette recounted the discovery of a series of bizarre caves and artifacts in the Marble Canyon region of the Grand Canyon. The report claimed two Smithsonian-funded archaeologists, Prof. S. A. Jordan and G.E. Kinkaid, are responsible for the find. As the article noted: